Critical next steps for black carbon regulations at PPR 12

From 27-31 January 2025, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will convene its Pollution Prevention and Response Sub-Committee (PPR 12) to advance vital discussions on reducing black carbon emissions from ships operating in the Arctic. Building on commitments made at the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 82) in October 2024, the focus will be on refining the concept of polar fuels and drafting regulations to cut these emissions.

Black carbon, a potent short-lived climate pollutant, accelerates Arctic ice melting and contributes significantly to global warming. Ships operating in the Arctic currently use heavy fuel oil (HFO) and other residual fuels that produce high levels of black carbon.The ban on HFO in the Arctic, which came into effect on 1 July 2024, marks a significant milestone in protecting this fragile ecosystem. However, the ban includes significant loopholes which delay full implementation until 2029, meaning the risk to Arctic biodiversity remains significant. Transitioning to cleaner alternatives, such as distillate fuels or low-carbon options, could reduce emissions by up to 80 per cent.

At PPR 12, member states will deliberate on what polar fuels should include and how to shape the rules around them. The main goals are:

• Endorsing the concept of polar (cleaner) fuels in the Arctic.
• Looking into alternative options, like wind power.
• Establishing technical standards for fuel quality and cutting emissions.

If finalized, these proposals could be approved at MEPC 83 in April 2025 and could be adopted by 2026, a critical step in addressing the Arctic’s climate crisis.

The urgency is clear: Black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping have more than doubled in recent years. They accelerate ice melt and exacerbate the climate crisis by releasing more heat into the atmosphere. In addition, pollution from black carbon has a negative impact on human health, putting coastal and Indigenous communities at risk.

By acting decisively, the IMO can implement measures to protect the Arctic and contribute to global climate mitigation efforts.