Reports
Working paper | Mapping the Threats of Carrying and Using Heavy Fuel Oil in Arctic Marine and Coastal Areas
- Pan-Arctic
- Shipping
The use and carriage of heavy fuel oil (HFO) poses one of the highest risks from shipping to Arctic marine ecosystems and coastal communities. The combustion of HFO emits black carbon, a potent, short-lived climate pollutant with multiple negative impacts for ecosystems and human health, while oil spills from ships present high risks to Arctic marine environments. This working paper will focus on the latter, providing an overview of how an HFO spill would threaten Arctic marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
